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Ton of cooling

ton · ton of refrigeration · tonnage

A ton of cooling is a unit of air conditioning capacity equal to 12,000 Btu per hour, about 3.52 kW; it comes from the heat absorbed by melting 2,000 pounds of ice in 24 hours.

A “3-ton” air conditioner or heat pump has a nominal cooling capacity of 36,000 Btu per hour. The kilowatt figure, 12,000 ÷ 3,412 per ton, is thermal capacity, not the electricity the unit uses.

Tonnage is a nominal size. Real capacity varies with outdoor temperature, indoor humidity and airflow, so sizing uses the manufacturer’s performance data at the conditions that matter, and a load calculation for the house, rather than the tonnage alone.

Sources

  1. ACHR News — Understanding What a Cooling Ton Means (John Tomczyk, March 4, 2021)
  2. U.S. EIA — British thermal units (Btu)

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